Is Caffeine Abstention Necessary Before Adenosine-Induced Fractional Flow Reserve Measurement?

Caffeine antagonizes the pharmacological actions of adenosine by blocking adenosine receptor activity [(1)][1]. A protocol for adenosine stress myocardial perfusion imaging recommends that caffeine-containing products be withheld for 12 h before the test [(2)][2]. However, there has been no widely