CFD Sensitivity Analysis of a Modern Civil Transport Near Buffet-Onset Conditions

ABSTRACT ivTERMS, SYMBOLS, AND ABBREVIATIONS V INTRODUCTION 11.1 Current CFD Capabilities and Known Limitations 21.2 Rationale for Work Performed 41.3 How this Document is Organized 6METHODOLOGY2.12.22.32.42.52.6Previous Studies and Factors that Influenced the Current Methodology . ....Description of CFD Codes Description of Turbulence Models Description of Grids 10Summary of Computations Performed 15Summary of Current "Best Practices" 15CFD SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS3.13.23.33.43.518Effect of Grid 18Effect of Code and Spatial Differencing Method 21Effect of Aeroelastic Shape 23Effect of Turbulence Model 26Summary of CFD Sensitivities 284 COMPARISONS WITH WIND TUNNEL DATA 31COMPARISONS WITH FLIGHT DATA 43,5.1 Discussion on Flight Data 43,5.2 Comparisons 456 SUMMARY 487 CONCLUDING REMARKS 50ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 51APPENDIX A: INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE ON CFD 52iii