Impact of the cyclosporine-ketoconazole interaction in children with steroid-dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

Background Children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome experience serious side effects from steroid therapy. Cyclosporine A (CsA), which is an effective agent in the treatment of steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, is expensive and, consequently, often unaffordable in developing countries. Many studies have documented the benefit of ketoconazole administration in transplant adults treated with CsA. We have conducted a retrospective study with the objective of addressing cost-savings, safety, and the efficacy of the co-administration of ketoconazole and CsA to children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.