Synthesis of nano-octahedral MgO via a solvothermal-solid-decomposition method for the removal of methyl orange from aqueous solutions

Nano magnesium oxide has wide applications, and MgO with (111) facets has wider potential applications than MgO with (100) facets (e.g., in catalysis and adsorption). However, nano MgO with (111) polar faces has not been studied throughly, so the preparation of nano-octahedral MgO (N-O-MgO) with eight exposed (111) facets remains a great challenge. Herein, we successfully synthesised N-O-MgO via an effective solvothermal-solid-decomposition method and studied its adsorption performance. The obtained N-O-MgO showed excellent performance (229.36 mg g−1) for methyl orange (MO). The adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the Langmuir isotherm model. The dimensionless parameter RL (0.042) and Gibbs free energy ΔG (−6.538 kJ mol−1) revealed that the adsorption of MO on N-O-MgO was a spontaneous and feasible process. The adsorption of MO and methyl blue (MB) on N-O-MgO were studied to determine the adsorption sites. Based on these experiments and analysis, it was determined that the adsorption sites were magnesium ions and the adsorption mechanism was proposed to describe the adsorption process.