Helmintosis y eosinofilia en España (1990-2015)

espanolLa deteccion de eosinofilia periferica es un motivo relativamente frecuente para la remision de un paciente a una Unidad/Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. En general, se pretende descartar una enfermedad parasitaria, tanto en personas autoctonas como en viajeros o inmigrantes. Excepcionalmente la eosinofilia relacionada con parasitos corresponde a una protozoosis, siendo los helmintos los principales agentes causales de este hallazgo hematologico. La eosinofilia puede ser el unico hallazgo anormal o formar parte del cuadro clinico-biologico del paciente. Por otro lado, no todas las helmintosis se asocian de forma sistematica a eosinofilia, y el grado de la misma difiere entre las fases de la infeccion y el tipo de helminto. El proposito de esta revision es un estudio sistematico de la relacion entre helmintosis y eosinofilia en la literatura espanola, distinguiendo los casos autoctonos e importados, asi como la relacion con situaciones de inmunodepresion. EnglishThe finding of blood eosinophilia in a patient is a relatively frequent reason to refer him/her to a Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases. The doctor usually intends to rule out a parasitic disease in the autochthonous population, travelers or immigrants. It is uncommon for an eosinophilia to be produced by protozoa infection, whereas helminth parasites are more frequently associated with an increase of eosinophil counts in the infected patient. Eosinophilia can be the only abnormal finding, or it could be part of more complex clinical manifestations suffered by the patient. Furthermore, many, but not all, helminth infections are associated with eosinophilia, and the eosinophil level (low, high) differs according to parasite stages, helminth species, and worm co-infections. The purpose of the present article is to carry out a systematic review of cases and case series on helminth infections and eosinophilia reported in Spain from 1990 to 2015, making a distinction between autochthonous and imported (immigrants and travelers) cases, and studying their relationship with immunodepression situations.