Structure of vacuum states and mechanisms of charge screening in two-dimensional massless electrodynamics

Charge screening and confinement of zero-mass fermions (quarks) in two-dimensional electrodynamics (QED/sub 2/) are due to the transition of the local charges into the vacuum of the system under the action of a field that changes the topological number. An exact solution of the quark structure of vacuum for two QED/sub 2/ variants shows that this problem is consistent with this phenomenon. The structure of the vacuum is therefore directly related to the Adler anomaly and to the character of the change of the topological numbers of the fields in dynamic processes. The obtained solutions make it possible to investigate in explicit form the properties of the chiral condensate whose existence is also a direct consequence of the Adler anomaly.