Possible prediction of earthquakes by utilizing multi precursor parameters in association with ground and satellite-based remote sensing techniques

Prediction of natural hazards like earthquakes and tsunamis is very useful to overcome the disasters caused by them. The changes prior to the earthquake or along with it may have different physical and chemical affects on the lithosphere, atmosphere and ionosphere, therefore making it detectable. These variations of lithosphere, atmosphere and ionosphere parameters before the main earthquakes are considered as earthquake precursors which are used as hints for impending earthquakes. Assuming that earthquake parameters estimation using any single precursor is associated with some uncertainties, this study proposed that if the integration of capabilities of different earthquake parameters extracted from the same earthquake precursors is done with the ground and satellite-based experiments comprehensively, better prediction of earthquake parameters will be possible for sure. It is also proposed, in this study, a seismo-ionospheric model on lithosphere- atmosphere-ionosphere coupling that provides a comprehensive idea on how lithospheric signatures can effectively be propagated to the ionosphere, if there are no wind-filter mechanisms. In addition, it is also discussed briefly various ground and satellite-based remote sensing techniques that are being used around the world in the earthquake prediction studies.