Features of the organization of a day regimen and the level of ophthalmologic pathology at pupils of elementary grades of St. Petersburg

Maintaining the health of school pupils is an important medical and social problem. The increase of the educational load and the use of computer technology and reduced motor activity of schoolchildren leads to a “school pathology” such as diseases of the eyes. The aim  is to study of the impact of computer technology and lifestyle on the development of visual pathology in primary school pupils. Materials and methods.  The questionnaire survey of school pupilsʼ parents in grades 1-5 of St. Petersburg was performed. School medical records of the child (form No. 026/y) were analyzed. The examination of visual acuity and refractometry was performed for 81 school pupils in fourth grade. Results and discussion.  First grade pupils parents estimated health of their child as “excellent” only in 20,8-25% of cases. None of the parents of pupils fifth grade did not consider their child absolutely healthy. Every third parent noted the childʼs complaints of headache, red eyes and dizziness. The duration of the night's rest corresponded to the recommended only in 16% of children. Only every second child (48.7%) takes a walk, and only 20.8% of them take long walks. Motor activity of children outside the school does not meet the recommended. The average daily duration of the total visual load (computer, gadgets, reading) for pupils first grade was 1 h 56 min, second grade – 2 h 10 min, fifth grade – 2 h 28 min. Refractive errors were absent in 84.0% of children who started educate in the first grade; 4.0% suffered from myopia; 12.0% – hyperopia. Healthy children accounted for 44.0% in the third grade. Myopia of varying degrees was found in 20.9% of pupils in the fourth grade, and accommodation disorders had 19.8% of pupils. 48.0% of fifth grade pupils suffer from myopia. Conclusion.  It is necessary to develop and implement a comprehensive rehabilitation program for the prevention of vision disorders in primary schoolchildren.