The Internet of Things Narrow-Band LPWAN/UNB Systems

The chapter presents technical operational details of the presently three most popular and widespread IoT systems, namely, LoRa, Weightless and SigFox. Discussed aspects include topology, radio interfaces, classes of devices, transmission frame structure, most important commands and media access control mechanisms. The chapter can thus be regarded as an extension to the previous chapter in which the techniques for PHY and MAC layer represented cases considered as canonical, whereas here they are presented in the form of system-dependent varieties and modifications of their canonical versions. All the explanations are analytical, step-by-step and thorough, supported by the author’s own measurements, calculations and simulations.