Altimetry performance and error budget of the PARIS in-orbit demonstration mission

Reflectometry using Global Navigation Satellite System's signals of opportunity (GNSS-R) was originally conceived for mesoscale altimetry [1], although its applicability to sea state determination, soil moisture, vegetation, snow monitoring... has already been demonstrated. In December 2012 the Phase A studies of ESA's PAssive Reflectometry and Interferometry System In-orbit Demonstration (PARIS IoD) mission ended. In conventional GNSS-R the GNSS signals scattered over the Earth's surface are cross-correlated with a locally generated replica of the transmitted signal shifted in frequency (Δf d ) and in delay (Δτ). PARIS is called an interferometric GNSS-R (iGNSS-R) system because the direct and the scattered signals are cross-correlated in order to use the whole signal's bandwidth, and improve the altimetric precision, despite the large bandwidth signals are not publicly available. This work presents a methodology to evaluate the performance of iGNSS-R altimeters. It is then applied to a PARIS IoD-like case, in which the receivers' bandwidths have been optimized in terms of altimetric resolution.