Reaction pathways and the role of solvent in the hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzenes

Liquid phase hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzenes to corresponding chloroanilines over Pd on carbon (Pd/C) under mild reaction conditions was studied. On the basis of 1 H, 1 3 C NMR, GC-MS and HPLC analyses of reaction mixtures, the reaction pathways were evaluated. The reduction of substrates proceeds via the formation of chloronitrosobenzenes and N-(chloro-phenyl)hydroxylamines and mainly results in the formation of the chloroanilines and aniline. Aniline is formed by hydrogenolysis of chlorine (dechlorination) in benzene ring. Other compounds (mono- and disubstituted azobenzenes and azoxybenzenes) were also detected by GS-MS and HPLC (<3 mole %). The used solvent influences the reaction mixture composition and catalyst activity.