Chitosan/hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

Abstract To favor regeneration following critical bone defect, a combination of autologous bone graft and biomaterials is currently used. Major drawbacks of such techniques remain the availability of the autologous material and the second surgical site, inducing pain and morbidity. Our aim was to investigate the biocompatibility in vitro of three dimensions hybrid biodegradable scaffolds combining osteoconductive properties of hydroxyapatite and anti-inflammatory properties of chitosan. Hybrid scaffolds were characterized by microscopic observations, equilibrium swelling ratio and overtime weight loss measurements. In vitro studies were performed using primary human bone cells cultured for 7, 14 and 21 days. Cell viability, proliferation, morphology and differentiation through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement were assessed. Characterization of our scaffolds demonstrated porous, hydrophilic and biodegradable characteristics. In vitro studies showed that these scaffolds have induced slight decrease in cell death and proliferation comparing to the culture plastic substrate control condition, as well as increased short term osteoinductive properties. In this study, we have provided evidence that our hybrid hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds could be suitable for bone filling.