Natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and the alarmin high-mobility group box 1 protein: a dangerous trio in HIV-1 infection?

Purpose of reviewNatural killer (NK) cells promote antiviral immunity by producing proinflammatory cytokines and by lysing infected cells. In addition, NK cells can modulate dendritic cell functions. NK–dendritic cell crosstalk results in activation of both cell types, with dendritic cells promoting