Academician Stanislav Semenovich Shvarts: The Proclaimer of Population-Ecological Thinking

This paper is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Stanislav Semenovich Shvarts, an outstanding Soviet ecologist. Consideration is given to his role in the establishment of ecology in the Soviet Union, its development at national and international levels, and the evolvement of special fields of ecological science currently pursued in Russia, namely, population, evolutionary, and human ecology. Special attention is devoted to the influence of Shvarts’ theoretical concepts on the development of ecological forecasting and ecological foundations of nature conservation and effective natural resource management. It is concluded that Shvarts was the one who gave rise to population-oriented thinking in ecology.