Amazonian bird's nest fungi (Basidiomycota): Current knowledge and novelties on Cyathus species

Abstract The genus Cyathus is historically subsampled in the Amazon Forest, which is a potential source of striking taxonomic richness. In this paper, a checklist of Amazonian Cyathus species with detailed descriptions, illustrations and comments of five uncommon species are given. A new species named C. albinus is proposed with morphological and molecular data, being mainly characterized by a light color hirsute exoperidium contrasting with a dark brown emplacement and basidiospores ovoid to elliptical. Three other species, C. amazonicus , C. earlei and C. triplex , are recorded for the first time from their localities. Also, polyphyly is detected into striatum infra-generic group after the addiction of tropical species, but a subclade containing Amazonian species was highly supported.