Atmosphere composition control during long-duration space missions

Abstract A concept and strategy of the monitoring of chemical composition of the atmosphere in manned spacecrafts applicable during long-term and interplanetary flights are considered. The suggested concept and strategy are applicable for the life support system in spacecraft, which includes a system of gas composition support, a water supply system, a system of sanitary and hygienic support, a food supply system and a thermal control system. Major risk factors related with changes of the atmosphere composition during interplanetary space missions are evaluated. An advanced design of the analytical complex is described for the control of air quality in manned spacecraft's taking into account these risk factors. The simultaneous use of several methods of gas analysis is proposed together with partial overlapping of the set of substances to be detected with regard to the substances of particular (critical) importance. Application of such gas control system will provide a tool for the analyzing of a wide range of substances and will ensure the analysis of the atmosphere even in case of the failure of some of its parts.