Role of peroxynitrite in the redox regulation of cell signal transduction pathways.

1. Abstract 2. Introduction: Formation, reactivity and chemical biology of peroxynitrite 3. Redox regulation of cell signalling by peroxynitrite 3.1. Tyrosine nitration and modulation of phosphotyrosine signalling 3.2. Peroxynitrite-mediated regulation of individual cell signalling pathways 3.2.1. Akt/Protein Kinase B 3.2.2. Mitogen-activated protein kinases 3.2.2.1. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 3.2.2.2. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) 3.2.2.3. p38 MAP kinase 3.2.3. Protein Kinase C 3.2.4. Nuclear Factor kappa B 3.2.5. Insulin signalling 3.2.6. Sympatho-adrenergic signalling 4. Conclusions and perspectives 5. Acknowledgments 6. References