Связь биохимических параметров эякулята с характеристиками сперматозоидов

Motility is one of the most important characteristics of spermatozoa that determine their fertilization ability. Energy for cell movement is produced through glycolysis. Oxidation of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (10–3 mole) results in decreased sperm motility. This study investigated the impact of low hydrogen peroxide concentrations (10–4 and 10–5 mole) on GAPDH activity and sperm motility. Hydrogen peroxide in the above concentrations was shown to lead to an increase in total and active sperm motility by 11 and 19 %, respectively; and to simultaneously enhance GAPDH activity by 24 %. It may be that low hydrogen peroxidase concentrations stimulated the cellular antioxidant system. Along with altered sperm motility in another series of the investigation, the investigators determined the level of the biochemical components of ejaculate in different male genital diseases, such as varicocele and chronic prostatitis. Comparison of the sperm obtained from control donors and patients with varicocele showed a significant drop in the concentration of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and cholinesterase. The other biochemical parameters of sperm did not substantially differ from those in the control group. The same level of biochemical parameters was also noted in the patients with chronic prostatitis. At 24 hours after incubation at room temperature, there were 24 and 33 % reductions in the concentrations of total protein and glucose, respectively. The concentration of ions in the sperm was considerably unchanged. At the same time following 24 hours, the motility of spermatozoa fell and their total and active motility was 41 and 30 % of the 100 % baseline level, respectively. The physiological role of the biochemical components of ejaculate is likely to be related to the maintained motility of spermatozoa when the latter are present in the female genital tract.