Localización del edema macular clínicamente significativo en pacientes diabéticos sin pérdida visual

Background: Clinically significant macular edema (CSME) causes visual loss in diabetic patients. Although it can be detected before vision is affected, it is unknown whether any zone of the macula is more frequently affected in eyes without visual loss. Objective: To identify whether CSME is statistically more frequent in any zone of the macula, in eyes without visual loss. Methods: Non-interventional, retrospective, cross-sectional and comparative study. Type 2 diabetic patients with angiographic focal CSME, with any retinopathy level and clear ocular media, were assigned to one of two groups: with or without visual loss (best corrected visual acuity  20/40). The proportion of cases with thickening in each field of the fast macular map (optical coherence tomography) was compared between eyes with and without visual loss using 2. In eyes without visual loss, the frequency of thickening in each field was compared with that of the remaining fields (2). Results: 90 eyes were evaluated; mean age 60.3 years. Thickening distribution did not differ between eyes with and without visual loss. In eyes without visual loss, thickening was more frequent in fields 5 (inner nasal, 98%, 95% C.I. 94-100) and 4 (inner inferior, 96%, 95% C.I. 90-100). The frequency of thickening in both fields was higher than that of other fields. Conclusion: In diabetic patients without visual loss, inferior and nasal areas adjacent to the center of the macula should be evaluated, since CSME affects them more frequently than other areas.