The immunological characteristics of tonsil mesenchymal stem cells

Objective To investigate the immunological characteristics of human tonsil mesenchymal stem cells(TMSCs). Methods Human tonsil tissues were obtained from the children patients with chronic tonsillitis. TMSCs were separated, cultured, and were detected the expression profiles of HLA-Ⅰ, HLA-Ⅱ, CD80, CD86 by flow cytometry. The measurement of immunogenicity, the effect on phytohemagglutinin(PHA) induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) proliferation and mixed lymphocytes reaction (MLR) were performed to identify the immunological characteristics of TMSCs. The co-cultures of TMSCs+ PBMCs+ PHA and TMSCs+ MLR were established, respectively, and the concentration of kynurenine, which is the metabolin of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase, in the culture supernatant were examined. Then we added 1-methyl-L-tryptophan into the co-culture of TMSCs+ PBMCs+ PHA and TMSCs+ MLR, respectively, and tested the proliferation of PBMCs. Each experiment was repeated three times, and there were six samples in each group. Statistical significance was assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results TMSCs expressed HLA-Ⅰ, were negative for HLA-Ⅱ and co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. The stimulation index in the group of TMSCs+ allogeneic PBMCs was 1.38±0.26, whereas the stimulation index in the group of allogeneic PBMCs was 1.22±0.28, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05), indicating that TMSCs could not initiate the proliferation of allogeneic PBMCs. The stimulation indexes in the group of TMSCs+ allogeneic PBMCs+ PHA were 1.49±0.29 and 1.23±0.22, respectively, whereas the stimulation index in the group of allogeneic PBMCs+ PHA was 4.60±0.81, and the difference between the two groups had a statistical significance(P<0.05), suggesting that TMSCs could inhibit PHA-induced PBMCs proliferation. The stimulation indexes in the group of TMSCs+ MLR were 1.29±0.23 and 1.26±0.27, respectively, however, the stimulation index in the group of MLR was 3.04±0.66, and the difference between the two groups had a statistical significance(P<0.05), demonstrating that TMSCs could suppress MLR-induced PBMCs proliferation. The levels of kynurenine were (26.0±2.3) μmol/L and (23.5±4.5) μmol/L in the culture of TMSCs+ PBMCs+ PHA and TMSCs+ MLR, respectively, thus elevating significantly. After adding of 1-methyl-L-tryptophan, TMSCs-mediated-proliferation suppression of PBMCs restored to normal levels. Conclusion TMSCs possess low immunogenecity and immunosuppressive function, may be used in allogeneic transplantation. Key words: Tonsil; Mesenchymal stem cells; Immunity