Molybdenum and Molybdenum Alloys

Molybdenum, a key industrial element, is used both in its pure form as a refractory metal and as an alloying element in irons and steels. Most molybdenum production is in North America, although some metal comes from other areas, especially from South America and China. The largest source of molybdenum is copper mines, where the former metal is a by-product. Molybdenum supply, ore-processing to commercial products, and the associated environmental considerations are reviewed. Tools, pipelines, pumps, and various gears and dies, especially those for harsh working environments such as those found in the petroleum industry, are made from molybdenum containing alloys. The molybdenum imparts strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance to steels and cast irons. Molybdenum is a refractory metal used in furnaces, electrodes, light bulbs, and x-ray tubes. Properties and uses are described. Keywords: Sources; Processing; Analytical Methods; Economic Aspects; Environmental Concepts; Health and Safety; Recycling; Manufacture; Uses; Ores; Mill Products; Metalworking; Alloys; Furnaces; Glass; Machine-tool/Accessories