Polymyxins Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae

Polymyxins were reintroduced into clinical as a result of the emerging multiple drug-resistant bacteria. As the last resort, resistance of polymyxins had gained global attention. The widely use of polymyxins pushed a rising resistant rate year by year. Besides the intrinsic mechanisms of polymyxins resistance, a new plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance gene mcr-1 made transferation of polymyxins resistance more easily. In order to provide information for clinical and scientific research workers, and to cope with the increasingly serious problem of antibiotic resistance, we reviewed the intrinsic mechanisms of polymyxins resistance, the prevalence of mcr-1 in isolates recovered from clinical samples and the latest advances in resistance mechanism, transfer mechanism, and genetic environments of mcr-1 . And we discussed current methods for polymyxins resistance detection.