Fear-avoidance beliefs and pain as predictors for low physical activity in patients with leg ulcer

Background and Purpose. Previous studies have shown that patients with chronic venous insuffi ciency are deconditioned and physically inactive. The present study aimed to examine the occurrence of fear-avoidance beliefs in patients with chronic venous insuffi ciency, and to investigate the role of fear-avoidance beliefs and pain severity in pre- dicting the low level of physical activity in these patients. Method. Data were collected by a postal questionnaire sent to 146 patients with chronic venous insuffi ciency and current or previous venous leg ulcer. Complete data were collected from 98 patients aged 60-85 years — 63% women — giving a response rate of 67%. Fear-avoidance beliefs were assessed by the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, physical activity subscale. Pain and physical activity were assessed by the Six-point Verbal Rating Scale of Pain Assessment and the Physical Activity Questionnaire, respectively. Results. Fear-avoidance beliefs were present in 81 (83%) of the patients with chronic venous insuffi ciency (range 0-24, median 12). Forty patients (41%) had strong fear-avoidance beliefs. One-third of the patients with healed ulcers had strong fear-avoidance beliefs. Patients with low physical activity had signifi cantly stronger fear-avoidance beliefs and more severe pain than patients with high physical activity. Multiple logistic regression showed that the odds ratio (OR) for low physical activity were about three times higher for patients with strong fear- avoidance beliefs (OR 3.1, 95% confi dence interval 1.1-8.3; p = 0.027) than for patients with weak fear-avoidance beliefs. Conclusions. Fear-avoidance beliefs were present in most patients with chronic venous insuffi ciency and were associated with low physical