Advection Impacts the Firn Structure of Greenland's Percolation Zone

Abstract. One dimensional simulations of firn evolution neglect horizontal transport during burial. Using a suite of model runs, we demonstrate the impacts of advection on the development of firn density, temperature, and the stratigraphy of melt features the 0Greenland ice sheet percolation zone. The simulations isolate processes in synthetic runs, and investigate four specific transects and an ice core site. The advection process tends to increase the pore close-off depth, reduce the heat content, and decrease the frequency of melt features with depth by emplacing firn sourced from higher locations under increasingly warm and melt-affected surface conditions. Horizontal ice flow interacts with topography, climate gradients, and meltwater infiltration to influence the evolution of the firn column structure; the interaction between these variables modulates the impact of advection on firn at locations around Greenland. Pore close-off and firn temperature are mainly impacted in the lowermost 20 km of the percolation zone, which may be relevant to migration of the lower percolation zone. Relatively high in the percolation zone, however, the stratigraphy of melt features can have an advection derived component that should not be conflated with changing climate.