Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer in Ethynyl-Extended Regioisomers of 2-(2′-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole: Effects of the Position and Electronic Nature of Substituent Groups

Although the organic dyes based on excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism have attracted significant attention, the structure-property relationship of ESIPT dyes needs to be further exploited. In this paper, three series of ethynyl-extended regioisomers of 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT), at the 3′-, 4′- and 6-positions, respectively, have been synthesized. Changes in the absorption and emission spectra were correlated with the position and electronic nature of the substituent groups. Although 4′- and 6-substituted HBT derivatives exhibited absorption bands at longer wavelengths, the keto-emission of 3′-substituted HBT derivatives was found at a substantially longer wavelength. The gradual red-shifted fluorescence emission was found for 3′-substituted HBT derivatives where the electron-donating nature of substituent group increased, which was opposite to what was observed for 4′- and 6-substituted HBT derivatives. The results derived from the theoretical calculations were in conformity with the experimental observations. Our study could potentially provide experimental and theoretical basis for designing novel ESIPT dyes that possess unique fluorescent properties.