Stem cells - A window to periodontal regeneration

For decades, periodontists have sought ways to repair the damage which occurs during periodontitis. This has included the use of a range of surgical procedures, the use of a variety of grafting materials and growth factors, and the use of barrier membranes. To date, periodontal regeneration is considered to be biologically possible but clinically unpredictable. Recently, it has been reported that populations of adult stem cells reside in the periodontal ligament of humans and other animals. With the better understanding of molecular biology, stem cell research is being utilized to find biological solutions for biological problems. Stem cells have ability to self renew and form multiple cell types. These pluripotent stem cell populations persist in multiple organs and when stimulated, they proliferate and differentiate in response to local cues provided by the organs they are recruited to. This concept opens a new dimension for new cell-based therapies for periodontal regeneration. This article provides an overview of adult human stem cells and their potential use in periodontal regeneration.