Reanalysis of optical-axis perturbation in nonplanar ring resonators in ray matrix approach with appropriate coordinate systems

Abstract Ray matrix approach with appropriate coordinate systems has been proposed in this paper. It is employed to analyze the optical-axis perturbation in nonplanar ring resonators. The sensitivities of optical-axis decentration ( SD ) and optical-axis tilt ( ST ) in nonplanar resonators with 90° and 270° image rotation are discussed in detail in the region of 0  K K is the ratio of the total cavity length to the radius of the curvature mirrors. There are both four singular points in the whole region of 0  K SD and ST in the nonplanar resonator with certain parameters have the similar singularities. The analysis in this paper is important for the cavity design and alignment of nonplanar ring resonators.