Periodontal and peri-implant hard tissue regeneration

Healthy peri-implant tissue with sufficient quality and quantity is among the determining factors of implant success and survival. Accordingly, reconstruction of deficient peri-implant tissues may be an essential treatment prior to implant insertion. Routinely, conventional techniques are implemented to meet this demand however, these techniques are associated with pitfalls such as morbidity in obtaining bone grafts or limited available sources. These limitations have led to use of other potential sources and techniques such as stem cells, growth factors, and scaffolds to further enhance bone regeneration around implants and promote the osseous integration. This chapter aims to review and challenge the conventional approaches applied in this field and will further discuss the novel methods and assumptions incorporated in peri-implant tissue regeneration.