Biomolecular Painstaking Utilization and Assimilation of Phosphorus Under Indigent Stage in Agricultural Crops

Phosphorus (P) is one of the most critical plant nutrients for all living organisms. Plants are known to be photosynthetic eukaryotes, and P plays significant role on photophosphorylation, respiration, and energy storage and transfer. It also regulates protein synthesis, cell division, and development of new tissue. Plants can take up the primary forms of phosphorus as H2PO4− and HPO42− (orthophosphates). In plants, this P concentration ranges is only 0.1–0.5% due to the challenges in the management of phosphorus. Although the content of total organic (P) and inorganic (Pi) form in the earth’s crust is high, the availability of orthophosphates is low and heterogeneous in almost all natural and agricultural ecosystems. In this review, we emphasize to gather the existing knowledge about P and propose how to increase the availability of orthophosphates by assimilation. Apart from this, several research findings including next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing coupled with other omic platforms have advanced considerably on the molecular basis of plant nutrition and how plants respond to nutritional stress. Moreover, we shed light on the factors involved on phosphorus uptake by plant, as well as critical responses under P starvation and metabolic activation to mitigate P deficiency.