Impact of cyclosporine-A concentration in T-cell replete haploidentical allogeneic stem cell transplantation

: This paper aims to study whether cyclosporine-A (CSA) levels have an impact on the clinical outcome of patients with T-cell replete haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We analyzed 140 consecutive patients who had been given T-cell replete haploidentical allo-HSCT in our institute to assess the effect of CSA concentration in the early stages of allo-HSCT on clinical outcomes, such as hematopoietic recovery, acute graft vs host disease (aGVHD), infection, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). The median concentrations of CSA in the blood in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week after allo-HSCT were 218, 235, 263, and 270 ng/mL, respectively. Additionally, 46%, 40%, 27%, and 18% of the patients had CSA blood levels below 200 ng/mL during those weeks. In total, 39 patients developed aGVHD (grade II-IV), for a cumulative incidence of 27.8%, at a median of 32 days. Patients having a low CSA concentration (below 200 ng/mL) in the 3rd week had a higher cumulative incidence of grade II-IV aGVHD (P = .02). In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low CSA concentration (below 200 ng/mL) in the 3rd week was an independent risk factor of grade II-IV aGVHD (P = .02; odds ratio = 2.66; 95% CI, 1.15-6.17). However, CSA levels during the first 4 weeks did not have a significant impact on the patients' hematopoietic recovery, infection, DFS, and OS. Our data indicated that adequate management of CSA levels during the peri-engraftment period might improve clinical outcomes for those with T-cell replete haploidentical allo-HSCT.