Clostridium butyricum reduce lipogenesis through bacterial wall components and butyrate

Intervention strategies for obesity are global issues that require immediate attention. The objective of this study was to assess the possibility that Clostridium butyricum and its potential components could reduce lipogenesis. Co-culture experiments of Caco-2 cells and 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 CFU/ml of C. butyricum were set up to monitor the cytotoxicity of C. butyricum and the changes of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) mRNA expression. It was found that cell viability was not affected by C. butyricum, and ANGPTL4 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells was highly induced by 1 × 107 CFU/ml of C. butyricum. Co-culture experiment of Caco-2 cells and potential components of C. butyricum were set up to monitor any ensuing alteration in ANGPTL4. It was observed that bacterial wall components and potentially secreted factors from C. butyricum could induce ANGPTL4 mRNA expression and protein secretion. To determine whether butyrate could affect the ANGPTL4 production in Caco-2 cells, the role of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) in mediating potentially secreted factors from C. butyricum-induced ANGPTL4 production in Caco-2 cells and the effect of 0.1 mM of butyrate on ANGPTL4 production in Caco-2 cells were investigated. It is confirmed that butyrate was the factor secreted by C. butyricum to stimulate ANGPTL4 production. Besides, the soluble factors secreted by live C. butyricum-Caco-2 cells interaction, bacterial wall components-Caco-2 cells interaction, and the main metabolites butyrate-Caco-2 cells interaction reduced lipogenic gene expression in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, 1 × 107 CFU/ml of C. butyricum could reduce lipogenesis through the bacterial wall components and the metabolites such as butyrate.