A 2600-year summer climate reconstruction in central Japan by integrating tree-ring stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes
2020
Abstract. Oxygen isotope ratios ( δ18 O) of tree-ring
cellulose are a novel proxy for summer hydroclimate in monsoonal Asia. In
central Japan, we collected 67 conifer wood samples, mainly Chamaecyparis obtusa, with ages
encompassing the past 2600 years. The samples were taken from living trees,
archeological wood, architectural wood, and buried logs. We analyzed stable
isotope ratios of oxygen ( δ18 O) and hydrogen ( δ2 H)
in tree-ring cellulose in these samples (more than 15 000 rings in total)
without using a pooling method and constructed a statistically reliable
tree-ring cellulose δ18 O time series for the past 2500 years.
However, there were distinct age trends and level offsets in the δ18 O record, and cellulose δ18 O values showed a gradual
decrease as an individual tree matures. This suggested it is difficult to
establish a cellulose δ18 O chronology for low-frequency signals
by simple averaging of all the δ18 O time series data. In
addition, there were opposite age trends in the cellulose δ2 H,
and δ2 H gradually increased with tree age. There were clear
positive correlations in the short-periodicity variations between δ18 O and δ2 H, probably indicating a common climate signal.
A comparison of the δ18 O and δ2 H time series in
individual trees with tree-ring width suggested that the opposite age trends
of δ18 O and δ2 H are caused by temporal changes in
the degree of post-photosynthetic isotope exchange with xylem water
(physiological effect), accompanied by changes in stem growth rate that are
influenced by human activity in the forests of central Japan. Based on the
assumptions that cellulose δ18 O and δ2 H vary
positively and negatively with constant proportional coefficients due to
climatological and physiological effects, respectively, we solved
simultaneous equations for the climatological and physiological components
of variations in tree-ring cellulose δ18 O and δ2 H
in order to remove the age trend. This enabled us to evaluate the climatic
record from cellulose δ18 O variations. The extracted
climatological component in the cellulose δ18 O for the past
2600 years in central Japan was well correlated with numerous instrumental,
historical, and paleoclimatological records of past summer climate at
various spatial and temporal scales. This indicates that integration of
tree-ring cellulose δ18 O and δ2 H data is a
promising method to reconstruct past summer climate variations on annual to
millennial timescales, irrespective of the growth environment. However,
analytical and statistical methods need to be improved for further
development of this climate proxy.
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