Human neural stem cell transplantation for improved recovery after spinal cord injury

Abstract Stem cell-based therapies for neurological disorders have been investigated for several decades. Fundamental properties of stem cells include the ability to self-renew, proliferate, and differentiate into multiple cell types. Pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells, can differentiate into cells of all three primary germ layers. Progenitor cells, such as neural stem cells, have a limited proliferative capacity and differentiate along more specific lineages. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are an attractive candidate for stem cell transplantation in SCI. This chapter focuses on considerations and clinical evidence for transplantation of NSCs to improve recovery after SCI, including attenuation of neuropathic pain.