Rare case of remission of a patient with small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcaemic type (SCCOHT) stage IV: Case report

Abstract Introduction Small cell carcinoma of the ovary (SCC) is a very rare (less than 1% of ovarien neoplasia), highly undifferentiated, aggressive malignancy affecting young women and linked to a poor prognosis. Overall survive rate is very low (about 16%). SCCOHT has recently been shown to be associated with SMARCA4 gene mutations and shows some genetic similarities to malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT). Presentation of case After a reminder of the clinical, histological description of the SCCOHT and concensus about the medical management, we describe the rare case of a 22 years old patient with complete remission after diagnosis of un undifferentiated SCCOHT stage IV treated by conservative surgery and high-doses chemotherapy, 30 months after diagnosis. Discussion Thus far, no standard therapy exists for SCCOHT. Treatment modalities are surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant after high-dose chemotherapy. Research for new treatments includes target therapy. Conclusion Autologous stem cell transplant after high-dose adjuvant chemotherapy seems to lead to the best survival rates. Invasiveness of the treatment depends on the stage of the disease, age of the patient and her fertility-sparing desire. An international collaboration will be needed to standardise practices due of the small number of patients.