Antibiofilm activity of the essential oil of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) and its major component, geraniol, on the bacterial biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus

Medicinal plants with antimicrobial action have been investigated for uses against biofilms, among which, Cymbopogon nardus, citronella, stands out as a promising species. The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm action of the essential oil of C. nardus (EOCN) and geraniol on Gram-negative and positive bacteria from the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration and inhibition of biofilms. In the results, the EOCN produced a 41 mm halo on S. aureus, which was susceptible with MIC values of 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL for the EOCN and geraniol respectively, both with bactericidal effect. The antibiofilm action was confirmed, the EOCN and geraniol reduced the biofilm biomass of S. aureus up to 100% between 0.5 and 4 mg/mL concentrations. The reduction of cell viability was 0.25 and 1 mg/mL, of EOCN and geraniol, respectively. EOCN and geraniol were shown to be promising antibiotic against S. aureus.