Optimization of Preparation and Characterization of the Plasmid DNA from Newcastle Disease Virus Encapsulated in Chitosan Nanoparticles

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious and lethality disease of poultry caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). ND is universally controlled by conventional vaccines. DNA vaccine is superior than conventional vaccines, but it also has some limitations. Nanopartciles mucosa delivery system using biodegradable materials could avoid defects of DNA vaccine. This study established a model with NDV DNA vaccine pVAX1-optiF immobilized into chitosan by complex coacervation method. Preparation process, physical and chemical characteristics of the nanoparticles were evaluated. The results demonstrated that pFDNA-CS-NPs showed suitable size, morphous regulation and well-distributed with a mean diameter of 199.5nm, polydispersity index of 0.336, encapsulation efficiency of 98.59±0.03%, loading capacity of 36.12±0.19 % and a Zeta potential of+11.2mV. This study is successfully preparated of NDV DNA vaccine mucosal immunity delivery system into chitosan as gene vector and laid a foundation for the further development of mucosal vaccines and drugs encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles.