Numerical investigation and experimental verification of the Joule heating effect of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber tows under high vacuum conditions

Joule’s first-law dictates that when electric current passes through a conductor heat is generated. The scope of this work is to investigate the Joule heating effect of two types of carbon fiber tows in dry form. The tows are used as primary heating elements on various preform structures that require accurate and uniform temperature control, using a DC power supply. The investigated temperatures, ranged from 300 K up to 650 K. A finite difference scheme was developed, in order to predict and quantify the transient phenomenon and is verified against experimental results. In order to exploit in-depth the phenomenon and achieve very good agreement between numerical and experimental results, temperature dependence of thermal and electrical properties (specific heat capacity, total hemispherical emissivity, and volume resistivity) was examined under controlled vacuum environment, ensuring no fiber oxidation.