Tectonostratigraphic history of the Ediacaran–Silurian Nanhua foreland basin in South China

Abstract This paper presents the tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Ediacaran–Silurian Nanhua Basin in South China and explores the relationship between clastic sedimentation in the basin and evolution of the adjacent Wuyi–Yunkai orogen. Sedimentary facies in the basin comprises, in an ascending order, turbiditic marine, shallow marine, and fluvial-dominated deltaic facies, featuring a lateral migration from southeast to northwest. We interpret the Ediacaran–Silurian Nanhua Basin as a foreland basin with a three-stage evolution history. Stage 1: the Ediacaran–Cambrian stage, recording the start of tectonic subsidence with turbiditic marine siliciclastic deposition, fed by exotic orogens outboard South China; Stage 2: the Ordovician to earliest-Silurian stage, characterized by a migrating depocenter with dominant shallow marine and deltaic siliciclastic deposition, fed by the local and northwestward propagating Wuyi–Yunkai orogen; Stage 3: the Silurian stage, showing the arrival of depocenter in the Yangtze Block during the waning stage of the orogeny with deltaic deposition in the remanent foreland basin. The Wuyi–Yunkai orogen remained the dominant sedimentary source region during Stage 3. Stage 1 was likely related to the collision of the South China Block toward northern India during the assembly of Gondwana, whereas Stages 2 and 3 recorded sedimentation during the northwestward propagation and subsequent orogenic root delamination/collapse of the Wuyi–Yunkai orogen, respectively. The Wuyi–Yunkai orogeny in South China is interpreted to have resulted from the far-field stress of the collision between South China and Indian Gondwana.