Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in a healthy stem cell donor following administration of granulocyte colony - stimulating factor.

Abstract Background Granulocyte colony - stimulating factor (G-CSF) is frequently used in healthy adults prior to stem cell donation in order to mobilize stem cells to peripheral blood. Adverse events of G-CSF occur in about 30% and mainly include bone pain, fatigue, and headache. Pulmonary adverse events are rare. Case presentation Here, we describe a case of a healthy donor who developed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after G-CSF administration. We suggest the underlying mechanism of this injury. Conclusion Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage can occur following G-CSF administration. Treating physicians should be aware of this infrequent but often life-threatening pulmonary side effect of G-CSF.