Stem Cells: Concept, Properties, and Characterization

Recent research has shown that the most effective system of repair of the human body is represented by stem cells. By definition, stem cells are able to divide and make copies of themselves indefinitely (self-renewal). In turn, under certain physiological conditions, they give rise to different cell types (differentiation). These characteristics make them indispensable both to replace the cells of the body that have become damaged and have been lost and to build the body itself during development. This chapter highlights general concepts about their biology, manipulation and culture, safety, and regulatory framework. Advances and knowledge in these areas are essential to achieve successful cell-based therapeutic applications.