Preparation of coated nanoparticles for a new mucosal vaccine delivery system

Abstract It has been found that the adsorption of antigens onto chitosan particles is an easy and unique mild loading process suitable to be used with vaccines. In order to increase the stability of this particles and to prevent an immediate desorption in gastrointestinal fluids, a coating process with sodium alginate was developed. One of the challenges of this developing process was to keep the particles in the nanosized range in order to be taken up by M-cells of the Peyer's patches. The observed inversion of the particles’ zeta potential values after coating suggested the presence of an alginate coating layer. These results were confirmed by FTIR and DSC techniques. Additionally, in vitro release studies showed that the presence of the alginate layer around the particles was able to prevent a burst release of loaded ovalbumin and to improve the stability of the nanoparticles in simulated intestinal fluid at 37 °C. The optimisation of the coating process resulted in 35% (w/w) for the loading capacity of the coated particles. SEM investigations confirmed a suitable size of the coated nanoparticles for the uptake by M-cells.