Fat Graft in Surgical Treatment of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ)

Background: Although the published literature has grown exponentially during the last few decades, managing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) remains challenging. Since the first description of adipose-derived stem cells, cell therapy showed promising perspectives in surgical treatment of MRONJ. In this study, the beneficial effect of fat graft in surgical treatment of stage 2 and 3 MRONJ patients was assessed. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the evolution pattern of the disease was conducted comparing the outcomes of MRONJ patients who underwent sequestrectomy followed by fat graft (n = 9) and those who received sequestrectomy alone (n = 12). Results: Improvement of the disease stage was observed in 77.8% vs. 22.2% cases in group A and B, respectively (p = 0.030); disease stability was documented in 11.1% vs. 25.0% cases in group A and B, respectively (p = 0.603); worsening of MRONJ stage was observed in 11.1% vs. 50.0% cases in group A and B, respectively (p = 0.159). Conclusions: Despite the small sample size, this study suggests that fat graft may represent a promising low-risk and cost-efficient adjunctive therapy in the surgical treatment of MRONJ patients.