Influence of Hormones and Hormone Metabolites on the Growth of Schwann Cells Derived From Embryonic Stem Cells and on Tumor Cell Lines Expressing Variable Levels of Neurofibromin

Loss of neurofibromin, the protein product of the tumor suppressor gene neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), is associated with neurofibromas, composed largely of Schwann cells. The number and size of neurofibromas in NF1 patients have been shown to increase during pregnancy. A mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) model was used, in which mESCs with varying levels of neurofibromin were differentiated into Schwann-like cells. NF1 cell lines derived from a malignant and a benign human tumor were used to study proliferation in response to hormones. Estrogen and androgen receptors were not expressed or expressed at very low levels in the NF1+/+ cells, at low levels in NF1+/−cells, and robust levels in NF1−/−cells. A 17β-estradiol (E2) metabolite, 2-methoxy estradiol (2ME2) is cytotoxic to the NF1−/− malignant tumor cell line, and inhibits proliferation in the other cell lines. 2ME2 or its derivatives could provide new treatment avenues for NF1 hormone-sensitive tumors at times of greatet hormonal influence. Developmental Dynamics 237:513–524, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.