Cholecystokinin: how many functions? Observations in seabreams.

A short overview on the regional distribution of the gastro-intestinal peptide hormone cholecystokin (CCK) in fish is presented. In particular, the results of molecular and immunological studies on seabreams, Diplodus puntazzo and Diplodus sargus, are reported, which, by demonstrating CCK in the hindgut, open new questions regarding the functional role of this hormone in that part of the intestine. The putative involvement of hindgut CCK in the feedback control of digestive processes was tested by measuring CCK gene and protein expression in fed and fasted fish. The results of this study led to hypothesize different roles for the two CCK isoforms in D. sargus, one of which related to regulation of digestive processes from pyloric caeca through hindgut. On the other hand, a functional role alternative to regulation of digestive processes may be inferred for the other isoform.