Ранняя диагностика заболеваний шейки матки

Purpose of the study: to increase the effectiveness of diagnosis of cervical disease. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, 170 women were examined, 120 of them with cervical disease and 50 with no cervical disease. All patients underwent cytological examination of scrapes from the cervix, expanded colposcopy, infrared spectrometry and radio wave cervical excision (if indicated); a complex of methods for laboratory diagnosis of genital infections; HPV examination (human papilloma virus) by polymerase chain reaction, including HPV typing, viral load detection. Infrared spectrometry is a mathematical model of the disease, based on changes in the peaks of absorption bands of protein structures. Changes in the structure of the protein can be easily detected in the IR spectrum and used as molecular markers to determine the pathological state of the tissues. All patients underwent spectrometric examination of blood serum. When comparing the results with verified diagnoses, three-dimensional diagnostic IR spectrometric criteria were obtained in the form of polyhedron in the orthogonal coordinate system (X, Y, Z) for women with no cervical disease and with cervical disease (reactive changes in ASC cells that include ASC -US and ASC-H, CIN I, CIN II and CIN III). Results. Complexes of characteristic absorption spectra of blood serum in the diagnosis of cervical diseases were determined. The sensitivity of IR spectrometry (95%) in the diagnosis of cervical dysfunction, which is superior to that for cytological (67%) and colposcopic (63%) research methods, was established. Diagnostic accuracy of infrared spectrometry of blood serum is 90%, specificity is 92%. Conclusions. The developed method of diagnosing cervical diseases is recommended as a method of screening diagnostics in women's clinics and gynecological hospitals. The method will significantly shorten the time of examination of patients, improve the diagnosis of cervical disease, exclude unreasonable surgical treatment and obtain a significant economic effect.