ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ИММУННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ ОПИСТОРХОЗОМ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМОВ ГЕНОВ, АССОЦИИРОВАННЫХ С РАЗВИТИЕМ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ СЕРДЦА

The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between polymorphisms associated with the development of coronary heart disease and pathogenetic features of opisthorchiasis invasion. Laboratory parameters of the functioning of the immune system (lymphocyte phenotypes, detected by flow cytometry, immunoglobulin and cytokine concentrations, non-specific resistance indices) in patients with chronic opisthorchiasis (caused by Opisthorchis felineus) with various genotypes - the presence and absence of mutations in loci associated with a predisposition to development coronary heart disease – were compared. It was found that in case of impaired functions of adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1, factor induced by hypoxia 1 alpha, apolipoprotein E compared with patients without minor alleles, the effect of opisthorchiasis invasion leads to a change in the immune response. Moreover, in patients with a mutation of the adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 gene, a lesser degree of adaptive cellular immunity (reduced number of cytotoxic lymphocytes), adaptive humoral immunity (reduced amount of immunoglobulin A) was found. In patients with opisthorchiasis, having a rare allele of the factor gene induced by hypoxia-1 alpha, activation of adaptive immunity and a decrease in activation of innate immunity have been identified. The presence of a mutation in the apolipoprotein E gene leads to a decrease in the activity of the adaptive cellular immune response, which exacerbates the course of opisthorchiasis invasion. The presence of the minor allele of the rs1333049 polymorphism of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor gene does not lead to significant changes in the immune response. Thus, in case of dysfunctions of certain proteins caused by mutations, the effect of opisthorchiasis invasion leads to multidirectional changes in the indices of the immune response, while approaching the indices of different parts of the immune system to a “normal” level in the presence of chronic parasitic invasion cannot always be interpreted as a “protective” effect of one or another polymorphism. The greatest changes in the immune response in patients with chronic opisthorchiasis were detected in the presence of polymorphism in the factor-induced hypoxia-1 alpha gene. The results obtained suggest the participation of the studied genetic polymorphisms in a predisposition to the manifestation of certain clinical forms of opisthorchiasis.