Green Engineered Chitosan Nanoparticles and Its Biomedical Applications—An Overview

Abstract Chitosan is a polycationic biopolymer with wide biological applications due to its unique chemical nature, positive charge, presence of reactive hydroxyl, and amino group. Chitosan has excellent physiochemical properties such as bioadhesive, biocompatible, and biodegradable. In order to increase the chitosan potential for biomedical applications, Chitosan derivative is produced by incorporating organic and inorganic polymers. Chitosan derivatives have increased tensile strength, swelling rate, water vapor permeability, and wettability of matrix. Synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles via green engineering method is a major focus of modern nanotechnology research. Chitosan has several inherent properties such as bactericidal, fungicidal activity, and wound healing potential. The major focus of this review is to summarize the recent findings on the synthesis, characterization of chitosan, chitosan derivatives and its nanoparticles for potential biomedical applications including antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and wound healing activities.