A gravitációs és mágneses anomáliák átfogó értelmezése a Kárpát–Pannon-régióban / Comprehensive interpretation of gravity and magnetic anomalies in Carpathian–Pannonian Region
2016
Geofizikai anomalia csak ott jelentkezik, ahol valtozas van.
Valtozas a fizikai parameterben, a melysegben, vagy az
elterjedesben. Ha nincs valtozas, akkor a fizikai erőter sem
fog valtozni, hanem konstans ertekű lesz, es nem lesznek
anomaliak.
A Bouguer-anomalia terkep a tobbszor tiz kilometeres
melysegtartomany gravitacios hatasat (sűrűsegeloszlasat)
mutatja, ez abbol adodik, hogy a gravitacios erő roppant nagy
hatotavolsagu es mindig vonzo kolcsonhatas. Igy a legkisebb
reszterulet vizsgalatakor is a kereg felepiteseből,
vastagsagabol szarmazo melybeli hatas ott van a meresi
anyagban, meg akkor is, ha nem veszunk rola tudomast.
A magneses anomaliakat a bazisos foldtani kepződmenyek
okozzak. Ezek lehetnek bazisos magmas, vagy ezek
atalakulasabol kepződott metamorf kőzetek. A magneses erő
lehet vonzo es taszito jellegű is (altalaban dipolus erőter),
igy ezen erők eredője egy sokkal bonyolultabb anomaliateret
eredmenyez. A behatolasi melyseg azert ebben az esetben
is nehanyszor tiz kilometer koruli, egeszen a Curiehőmerseklet
melysegeig.
A geofizikai ertelmezesek altalaban a melyfurasokkal elerhető
tartomanyig mereszkedtek, noha a hatasok egy resze
nyilvanvaloan melyebben keresendő. Elengedhetetlen tehat a
nagyobb melysegek vizsgalata es hatasainak kiszűrese, a
geofizikai meresek pontosabb, lokalis ertelmezesehez.
Magyarorszag vizsgalatahoz tehat ismerni kell a Karpat–Pannon-
regio leptekű melybeli hatasokat is.
Geophysical anomaly can only be found where there is some-kind
of change. Such change may be the variation of the physical
parameter, the depth, or the spatial distribution. If there is
no change, the field strength is also unchanged; it is a
constant value without any anomalies. The Bouguer anomaly map
shows the gravity effect of the changing rock density
in a vertical extent of several tens of kilometres, because
gravity is a long distance and always attractive force. So the
Bouguer anomaly of a small exploration area will have some
gravity effect of the deep crust too, even if we do not take
it into account.
Magnetic anomalies are caused by mafic geological formations.
These are the mafic magmatic rocks and their trans -
formed metamorphic variants. The magnetic force may have both
attractive and repulsive character (generally it is a
dipole field), so the result of these strengths yields a much
more complicated anomaly field. The penetration in this case
is a few tens of kilometres, right down until the depth of the
Curie-temperature. Geophysical interpretations are generally
done in the range of the borehole’s penetration, although,
some effects have obviously deeper origin. So the examination
of bigger depth and elimination of deep effects are essential
to have more accurate local interpretation of the geophysical
measurements. Studying the area of Hungary requires knowledge
about such deep effects in the entire Carpathian–Pannonian
Region.
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