A gravitációs és mágneses anomáliák átfogó értelmezése a Kárpát–Pannon-régióban / Comprehensive interpretation of gravity and magnetic anomalies in Carpathian–Pannonian Region

Geofizikai anomalia csak ott jelentkezik, ahol valtozas van. Valtozas a fizikai parameterben, a melysegben, vagy az elterjedesben. Ha nincs valtozas, akkor a fizikai erőter sem fog valtozni, hanem konstans ertekű lesz, es nem lesznek anomaliak. A Bouguer-anomalia terkep a tobbszor tiz kilometeres melysegtartomany gravitacios hatasat (sűrűsegeloszlasat) mutatja, ez abbol adodik, hogy a gravitacios erő roppant nagy hatotavolsagu es mindig vonzo kolcsonhatas. Igy a legkisebb reszterulet vizsgalatakor is a kereg felepiteseből, vastagsagabol szarmazo melybeli hatas ott van a meresi anyagban, meg akkor is, ha nem veszunk rola tudomast. A magneses anomaliakat a bazisos foldtani kepződmenyek okozzak. Ezek lehetnek bazisos magmas, vagy ezek atalakulasabol kepződott metamorf kőzetek. A magneses erő lehet vonzo es taszito jellegű is (altalaban dipolus erőter), igy ezen erők eredője egy sokkal bonyolultabb anomaliateret eredmenyez. A behatolasi melyseg azert ebben az esetben is nehanyszor tiz kilometer koruli, egeszen a Curiehőmerseklet melysegeig. A geofizikai ertelmezesek altalaban a melyfurasokkal elerhető tartomanyig mereszkedtek, noha a hatasok egy resze nyilvanvaloan melyebben keresendő. Elengedhetetlen tehat a nagyobb melysegek vizsgalata es hatasainak kiszűrese, a geofizikai meresek pontosabb, lokalis ertelmezesehez. Magyarorszag vizsgalatahoz tehat ismerni kell a Karpat–Pannon- regio leptekű melybeli hatasokat is. Geophysical anomaly can only be found where there is some-kind of change. Such change may be the variation of the physical parameter, the depth, or the spatial distribution. If there is no change, the field strength is also unchanged; it is a constant value without any anomalies. The Bouguer anomaly map shows the gravity effect of the changing rock density in a vertical extent of several tens of kilometres, because gravity is a long distance and always attractive force. So the Bouguer anomaly of a small exploration area will have some gravity effect of the deep crust too, even if we do not take it into account. Magnetic anomalies are caused by mafic geological formations. These are the mafic magmatic rocks and their trans - formed metamorphic variants. The magnetic force may have both attractive and repulsive character (generally it is a dipole field), so the result of these strengths yields a much more complicated anomaly field. The penetration in this case is a few tens of kilometres, right down until the depth of the Curie-temperature. Geophysical interpretations are generally done in the range of the borehole’s penetration, although, some effects have obviously deeper origin. So the examination of bigger depth and elimination of deep effects are essential to have more accurate local interpretation of the geophysical measurements. Studying the area of Hungary requires knowledge about such deep effects in the entire Carpathian–Pannonian Region.