Percutaneous puncture and embolisation for pancreatitis-related pseudoaneurysm: the feasibility of thrombin injection even in collection of fluid surrounding the pseudoaneurysm

Purpose: Pancreatitis-related pseudoaneurysm, a potentially life-threatening condition, is treated utilising endovascular management as a first choice and alternatively by percutaneous direct puncture of the aneurysm and embolisation. Case report: A 50-year-old man with alcohol-induced necrotic pancreatitis underwent transcatheter arterial embolisation (TAE) for multiple pancreatic pseudoaneurysms. TAE failed in one enlarged aneurysm in the pancreatic body, and percutaneous direct needle puncture and coagulation using thrombin was planned. Precise puncture of the aneurysmal sac under fluoroscopy and computed tomographic (CT) guidance failed, but we could inject about 500 units of thrombin through the outer cannula into the collection of fluid surrounding the aneurysm. Compared to preoperative images, contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) showed shrinkage of the pseudoaneurysm without complications just after the procedure and its disappearance five days after the procedure. Conclusions: Percutaneous direct puncture and embolisation is a feasible choice to treat pancreatic pseudoaneurysms, and injection of thrombin even into the collection of fluid surrounding the pseudoaneurysm can be a viable alternative, especially in cases in which precise puncture of the aneurysmal sac is difficult because of its size and location.