10-million-elements-per-second printing of infrared-resonant plasmonic arrays by multiplexed laser pulses

We report on high-quality infrared (IR)-resonant plasmonic nanoantenna arrays fabricated on a thin gold film by tightly focused femtosecond (fs) laser pulses coming at submegahertz repetition rates at a printing rate of 10 million elements per second. To achieve this, the laser pulses were spatially multiplexed by fused silica diffractive optical elements into 51 identical submicrometer-sized laser spots arranged into a linear array at periodicity down to 1 μm. The demonstrated high-throughput nanopatterning modality indicates fs laser maskless microablation as an emerging robust, flexible, and competitive lithographic tool for advanced fabrication of IR-range plasmonic sensors for environmental sensing, chemosensing, and biosensing.